BUILT ENVIRONMENT HOME
SECURING SHELTER

SLUM ARCHITECTURE & SLUM DEVELOPMENT

What can we do with a slum?
By Laurie Baker
A great deal. We can "recycle" it; that is to say, we can build at the same site low-cost structures that accommodate an equal number of persons, and provide plenty of open space and other facilities.[C.ELDOC.1071996]

"Can we make slums habitable" by Laurie Baker,HIndu , 29 September 1994-LINK

"Layout from the ruins of a slum" Hindu 26 July 1994-LINK

Indore Habitat Project
India
Slum networking is an integrated upgrading of the entire slum areas of a city, not as individual settlements but as an urban network. The basis for the network is the city's waterways - it is here that the majority of the slums are located and they offer potential for the installation of services and environmental and aesthetic improvement.
[C.ELDOC.6009440]

Improving Urban Shantytowns
by Sarosh Anklesaria
Yet within some Indian slums a quiet revolution is taking place. The "Slum Networking Program" was pioneered by Cambridge graduate and civil engineer Himanshu Parikh,whose interest in the environment and habitat led him to challenge conventional "solutions" to slum development.

The official response to these slums used to be efforts to demolish the shanties and evict the squatters. But this simply resulted in the slum relocating elsewhere.

Against this backdrop of failed attempts to deal with the problem, Parikh's concept of "Slum Networking" learns from the lessons of the past and makes a radical proposition. Instead of seeing squatters and their communities as a nuisance — the inevitable consequence of malignant urban growth — Parikh looks for and reinforces resources within the community.[C.ELDOC.6009439]

PLANET OF SLUMS
MIKE DAVIS 
[C.ELDOC.1074583]


GSD prize awarded for transforming Rio Slums

By Ken Gewertz Gazette Staff
A massive project that is transforming Rio de Janeiro's squalid shantytowns into functioning, integrated neighborhoods has won the Graduate School of Design's Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design.
...the Rio-based firm has "demonstrated the power of their urban design to realize social change and engage marginalized people in the revitalization of their own communities. This diligent and ethical professional team models a progressive, more holistic approach to urban design, one that recognizes the value of social research and reinvestment in neighborhoods, rather than the outmoded practice of demolition and displacement." [C.ELDOC.6009308]

Jorge Mario Jáuregui on Favela's Urbanization
What is the main question of urbanizing a favela?
Urbanizing a favela means introducing the attributes of the formal city in a non-structured areas. Which are these attributes?
The infrastructure, the ways that connect a favela with the surroundings and the main buildings and spaces that permit a conviviality life (cultural center, kindergardens, centres for generation of work and income, olympic viallage, plazas, the treatment of residual spaces, etc). The people living in the community have the right to enjoy the benefits of the connections due to the infrastructure, which permits each place to work, to have access to communication with the rest of the city but simultaneously with this, to introduce plazas, spaces for profissionalizing courses, ecumenical spaces, etc. And all enjoy the services that support individual life.Individual life means the endless addition of extra residences while public life is related to common interests - public spaces and services.[C.ELDOC.6009432 ]


STATE POLICY

Housing & slums : related government interventions
Review of Annual Plan 1998-99 and Provision for 1999-2000

Shelter is the basic human requirement that needs to be met on priority basis. Housing policies and programmes, while accepting that housing is essentially a private activity, has to recognise that state intervention is necessary to meet the housing requirements of the vulnerable sections and to create an enabling environment in achieving the goal of "shelter for all" on self-sustainable basis.[C.ELDOC.1071995]


WORLD WIDE

Kensal House
So it was with Kensal House. Designed by the British Modernist Maxwell Fry (who was assisted by social reformer Elizabeth Denby), these two striking white blocks in west London were commissioned and financed by the Gas Light and Coke Company and intended for re-housed slum dwellers.

The Company's aim was to show that a modern building, fulfilling the latest safety specifications, could run cheaply and safely on gas power. Denby and Fry had loftier aims. [C.ELDOC.6009441]

ALSO READ The Greenwood Act of 1930

BE IT EVER SO HUMBLE:CAN SHANTYTOWNS LIKE TENT CITY BE A VIABLE OPTION FOR SOCIAL HOUSING?
BY Thomas  Hirschmann

A sunday-afternoon block partyis happening on Billy Lane, a street delineated by a row of ramshackle houses. But don't look it up on a map. You won't find it. It's in Tent City, the shantytown that's taken shape underneath the Gardiner on lands flagged for a future Home Depot.A recent article in the New York Times pointed to Tent City as an example of a city fraying around the edges. A Third World in our own backyard. But in Europe, shantytown communities like this are far more accepted as alternatives to traditional housing. In fact, forward-thinking architects and artists view them as valid and viable steps on the road to sustainability.[C.ELDOC. 6009453]


 DEMOLITIONS


FOR  DEVELOPMENT'S  SAKE


Two lakh deserted to turn Mumbai into Shanghai
Mumbai, January 4: Recent slum demolitions in Mumbai have left tens of thousands of people without a home as the government tries to free up valuable space for development in Mumbai.

The demolition comes as the state is rolling out an ambitious 260-billion-rupee ($6-billion) infrastructure plan to "turn Mumbai into Shanghai", with better roads and public transport and more green spaces.[C.ELDOC.6009445]

JUST AN OPINION

INTERESTS

Razing Baina, Goa  In Whose Interest?
Shaila Desouza
The recent demolition of large sections of Baina beach settlement in the port city of Vasco raises several political, social and legal issues of general import.
...The leisure industry on the other hand had plans to develop this beach-front property for luxury resorts. It is obvious that demands of the tourism industry and the Port Trust for evacuation of Baina beach of its residents is the real reason for the action of June 14.4 [C.ELDOC.1074992]
 
JUST AN OPINION


STATE POLICY

Bill introduced to give slums protection
Indian Express, July 28, 2001

The new legislation which will confer legal protection on slumdwellers and pavement dwellers predating January 1, 1995, was introduced in the state Legislative Assembly on Friday.
The bill to amend the Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971, will protect slumdwellers from eviction and treat them as protected occupants. It will make it mandatory for the government to relocate and rehabilitate pre-1995 slumdwellers if they are required to be evicted inthe larger public interest.[C.ELDOC.1071570]


 REHABILITATION


PARTICIPATION


Beyond evictions in a global city: people-managed resettlement in Mumbai

This paper describes a resettlement programme in which 60,000 people moved without coercion to make way for improvements in Mumbai's railway system. It also describes the resettlement sites and the attention given to minimizing the cost for those who were relocated. This resettlement programme was underpinned by strong levels of community organization amongthe population that was to be relocated; their involvement in the whole process included preparing the baseline survey of households tobe moved, designing the accomodation into which they moved and managing the relocation process, including the allocation of units. The paper also outlines the difficulties tha tthe relocation process created and the mesures taken to address these. It suggests the factors that must be in place to protect low-income groups from the impoverishment that usually accompanies population displacements caused by infrastructure investments and central city replacement. [C.ELDOC.6007214]

Resettlement And Rehabilitation Of The Urban Poor:The Story Of Kanjur Marg
The study shows the importance of the Policy Environment, The importance of women-centred communication participation, the importance of a two-phase resettlement strategy, the importance of partnership, the importance of a realignment of roles between State agencies and NGO’s/CBO’s, the importance of flexibility and negotiating skills.[C.ELDOC.1071280]

 ORGANISATIONS


SPARC   is a registered NGO/NonProfit Organisation set up in 1984  by social workers, researchers, students, doctors and other professionals who wished to participate in the creation of an institution to create new and innovative partnerships with communities of the poor and professionals who wish to work with them on issues of social justice and equity.

................
CED HOME
BE-SHARP PROJECT
TOP OF PAGE
| BUILT ENVIRONMENT HOME | SPARC |
| COMPILED BY MALVIKA RAJAN| GUIDANCE -JOHN D'SOUZA |